02 – Prokaryotic Cells, Viruses, Viroids and Prions

In this episode of the MCAT Prep Pod Biology Series, we wrap up core cell biology by diving into high-yield MCAT topics like prokaryotic cells, bacterial classification, and viral replication strategies. We explore the structure and function of bacteria and archaea, including cell wall differences (Gram-positive vs. Gram-negative), oxygen requirements (aerobes, anaerobes, facultative anaerobes), bacterial reproduction via binary fission, and mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer (transformation, conjugation, transduction).

We also cover non-cellular infectious agents: viruses (DNA and RNA viruses, retroviruses), their life cycles (lytic vs. lysogenic), viroids in plants, and prions—misfolded proteins behind neurodegenerative diseases. With plenty of examples, MCAT mnemonics, and integrated study notes and diagrams available at ReviewMCAT.com, this episode helps solidify complex microbiology concepts in a practical and test-relevant way.